An IPv4 address is a 32-bit number written as four dotted decimals, but most of the useful information is hiding in its bits. This page parses the address you type, validates each octet against 0–255, then derives every common representation in one pass: per-octet binary (good for subnet diagrams), 0x… hex, colon-separated hex (the form some firewall logs use), and the full 32-bit unsigned decimal.
It also classifies the address against historical and current rules. The classful range (A/B/C/D/E) is checked from the first octet, RFC 1918 private blocks and 127.0.0.0/8 loopback are flagged separately, and multicast (Class D) is called out so you know it is not an assignable host address. CIDR/subnet maths is handled by the dedicated CIDR Calculator and Subnet Calculator pages.
Class D is the IPv4 multicast range, 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. It is not assignable to a host — packets to a Class D address are delivered to every member of a multicast group. Class E (240.0.0.0+) is reserved and not routable on the public internet.
The three RFC 1918 blocks: 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 (so 172.16 through 172.31) and 192.168.0.0/16. Carrier-grade NAT (100.64.0.0/10) and link-local (169.254.0.0/16) are not flagged as private by this tool.
An IPv4 address is just a 32-bit unsigned integer written as four bytes. 192.168.1.1 packs to (192<<24)|(168<<16)|(1<<8)|1 = 3,232,235,777. Some databases and log formats store IPs in this single-integer form for compact indexing.
No — this page is IPv4-only. IPv6 has 128 bits, no classful structure, and a different private-address concept (fc00::/7 ULA, fe80::/10 link-local). A separate IPv6 tool is needed for that.
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